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Dear Deanna:
Let's be careful not to mix apples with oranges. An "incorporator" is
simply the person or entity who is listed on the Articles of Incorporation
as having formed the corporation. Once the corporation has been formed there
is no way to remove the incorporator, per se, because it is a done deal.
(article continued below ...)
If the incorporator happened to be a shareholder and your question really
pertains to removing a shareholder's interest in the S corp, the answer will
depend in part on the terms of the shareholder agreement, if one is in
place. A properly drafted shareholder agreement will usually address the
issue of a buy-out of another shareholder (esp. by a majority shareholder or
the corporation itself) and what approvals (ie. majority shareholder
approval, board approval, etc.) and restrictions might apply to the transfer
of shares. In the absense of a shareholder agreement, one would refer to the
bylaws which govern the corporation to determine the method by which the
shares would be transferred in accordance with the statutes governing
corporations in the state of incorporation.
Once the necessary approvals are in place, it generally becomes a simple
matter of effecting the stock purchase, canceling the former shareholder's
stock certificate and noting the transfer of ownership in the stock transfer
ledger which is kept as part of the corporate records. And speaking of
corporate records . . .
In small corporations it is not uncommon for individuals to wear multiple
hats, playing the role of a shareholder as well as a director and/or
officer. The departing shareholder may also be a director of the corporation
and, if this is the case, his/her removal as a director would need to be
effected separately in accordance with the corporate bylaws and documented
via a shareholder resolution (shareholders elect and remove directors in a
corporation) which is to be kept on file with the corporate records. The
Articles of Incorporation usually do not list the shareholders of the
corporation, but they may list the initial directors. If desired, the
Articles of Incorporation may be amended or restated--also subject to
shareholder approval--to omit the name of the former director.
If the departing shareholder is also an officer of the corporation, you
will need to put on your hat as director of the corporation to remove
him/her as an officer, as it is the board of directors that elects and
removes officers in a corporation. The removal of a corporate officer would
therefore be documented via a board resolution.
And with that, your corporate records book just got fuller.
Chrissie Mould
About the PowerHomeBiz.com Guide:
Chrissie
Mould has over a decade of experience in business administration and
startup business consulting. She has helped launch companies in multiple
industries and has managed corporate administration and governance for
public and private companies. She is an incorporation specialist with
MyNewVenture.com LLC. The company provides low-cost incorporation services
to entrepreneurs and small businesses. Visit
www.MyNewVenture.com to form
a corporation or LLC.
The opinions expressed in this column are those of the
author, not of PowerHomeBiz.com. Users should not treat the Guide's response as
legal, accounting, or professional advice as all answers are intended to be
general in nature. Such advice can only be properly given by qualified
professionals who are fully aware of a user's specific geographical areas or
circumstances, such as an attorney or accountant.
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